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Wed, Sep 23 2026
Raju Karn
Construction and demolition activities generate large quantities of waste from buildings, roads, infrastructure projects, renovation, repair and demolition work. This waste can include concrete, bricks, masonry, soil, sand, gravel, metals, wood, plastic, tiles and other materials. Proper segregation, collection, processing and recycling can help recover useful materials and reduce the amount of waste sent for disposal.
India has introduced a new regulatory framework through the Environment (Construction and Demolition) Waste Management Rules, 2025. The rules were notified on 2 April 2025 and came into force on 1 April 2026, replacing the earlier 2016 rules. The new framework introduces Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), online registration, waste management plans, recycling targets, waste utilisation targets, EPR certificates, environmental compensation and online monitoring.
Construction and demolition waste, commonly called C&D waste, is waste generated from construction, demolition, reconstruction, renovation, repair and maintenance activities.
The rules cover materials such as soil, sand, gravel, bricks and masonry, concrete, metals, wood, plastic, ceramics and other materials generated from covered activities. The framework also covers a broad range of construction and infrastructure activities, including buildings, roads, highways, industrial projects, railways, airports, ports and utility projects, subject to the exclusions specified in the rules.
C&D waste recycling is the process of collecting, segregating and processing construction and demolition waste to recover materials that can be reused or converted into recycled products.
Depending on the material and processing method, C&D waste can be used to produce recycled aggregates, recycled concrete aggregates, fine aggregates, manufactured soil, bricks, blocks, tiles, pavers and other products. The rules also provide utilisation targets for processed C&D waste in construction and road projects.
The major change is the introduction of an Extended Producer Responsibility framework for C&D waste.
Under the new rules, producers have responsibilities for managing C&D waste and meeting prescribed recycling targets. The framework is implemented through a centralised online portal, with registration and monitoring of specified entities such as producers, recyclers, intermediate waste storage facility operators and collection points established by local or development authorities.
The rules also introduce EPR certificates, waste utilisation targets, environmental compensation and online reporting. This makes C&D waste management more structured than the earlier framework.
A producer is a waste generator who is the occupier or person in charge of a building or building-complex project having a built-up area of 20,000 square metres or more.
A waste generator can broadly include the occupier or person having control over a project involving construction, reconstruction, demolition, renovation or remodelling activities that generate C&D waste. The exact responsibilities depend on the activity and the applicable provisions of the rules.
The EPR framework requires the following entities to register on the online portal:
If an entity falls into more than one of these categories, separate registration is required for each applicable category. The rules also state that specified entities cannot carry out the relevant business without registration and that registered entities should not transact with entities that are not registered under the rules.
The new rules introduce year-wise EPR recycling targets for reconstruction and demolition projects.
These percentages relate to the recyclable waste assessed by the local authority or development authority, with the schedule referring to waste generated in the preceding year.
This means the EPR obligation increases over time, making proper waste estimation, documentation, recycling arrangements and reporting increasingly important for covered projects.
Registration is carried out through the centralised online portal established for implementation and monitoring of the C&D waste EPR and utilisation framework.
The general compliance process can be understood as follows:
First determine whether the entity is a producer, recycler, intermediate waste storage facility operator or another entity covered by mandatory registration.
The producer should assess the expected quantity and types of C&D waste generated by the project. This information forms an important part of the waste management planning process.
A waste management plan should be prepared for each applicable project and submitted to the local authority for approval.
The applicable entity should submit the required information through the centralised online portal.
The rules provide that the Central Pollution Control Board is responsible for registration of entities and operation of the portal. The rules also state that a registration certificate is to be issued within 15 days of receiving the registration application.
Waste should be directed to an operational processing facility or, where applicable, an intermediate waste storage facility. Producers undertaking local processing must send the remaining or unprocessed waste to a processing facility.
Registered entities are responsible for providing information relating to waste generation, handling, storage, recycling and value-added products through the online portal.
The exact document requirements can depend on the entity type, project, facility and portal requirements. Applicants should therefore verify the current checklist before filing.
Documents and information may include:
The final checklist should be prepared according to the applicant's category rather than using one standard document list for every C&D waste activity.
One of the important features of the new framework is the introduction of EPR certificates.
CPCB generates EPR certificates through the online portal for registered recyclers. The quantity eligible for certificate generation is calculated using the quantity of processed output, the applicable conversion factor and the processing weightage prescribed under the rules.
The rules provide different processing weightages:
The applicable conversion factor for end products is determined by CPCB based on the technology and other relevant factors.
EPR certificates are valid for three years from the end of the financial year in which they are generated. After the three-year period, the certificate automatically expires.
The rules also provide for online recording of EPR certificate transactions and allow the Central Government to establish trading platforms for exchange or transfer of certificates according to the prescribed framework.
The new rules do not focus only on recycling. They also introduce targets for the utilisation of processed C&D waste.
For construction and reconstruction projects with a built-up area of 20,000 square metres or more, the minimum utilisation targets are:
The target is based on the year in which the waste utilisation plan is approved. The processed waste must be used without adversely affecting construction quality or safety.
The rules also establish utilisation targets for road construction.
The applicable target for a road project is determined according to the year in which the road construction project commences. The rules also refer to applications such as embankments, flexible pavements, concrete pavements, paving blocks and kerb stones, subject to applicable technical requirements.
A C&D waste recycling facility needs appropriate infrastructure for receiving, storing, segregating and processing waste.
The rules define a processing facility as a designated installation equipped with the infrastructure required for processing C&D waste and recovering, storing, segregating, treating or manufacturing value-added materials or products.
Processing facilities and intermediate waste storage facilities must follow CPCB guidelines and standard operating procedures. They must also take adequate measures to prevent public nuisance, air and water pollution and unscientific disposal.
A recycler registered under the rules has several responsibilities.
The recycler must coordinate with relevant authorities and stakeholders, follow applicable processing procedures, comply with product quality and technical requirements, manage rejects or inert material appropriately and provide required information through the online portal.
Registered recyclers must also submit information relating to waste received, stored, recycled and dispatched through the prescribed online reporting system.
Non-compliance can have financial consequences.
The rules provide for environmental compensation where producers, recyclers, intermediate waste storage facility operators, construction or reconstruction project occupiers or other entities fail to comply with applicable waste disposal, recycling, EPR or waste utilisation requirements and cause loss, damage or injury to the environment or public health.
Payment of environmental compensation does not automatically remove the underlying EPR obligation. The rules also provide conditions under which a portion of environmental compensation may be returned if the producer fulfils the outstanding obligation within specified periods.
For builders, developers, contractors and recycling companies, C&D waste management is no longer only an environmental issue. It can also involve registration, waste planning, recycling targets, utilisation targets, reporting and EPR certificates.
For recyclers, the new EPR certificate framework creates a formal mechanism connecting recycling activity with producer obligations. For construction projects, better waste planning can help support compliance with the applicable recycling and utilisation requirements.
C&D waste compliance can involve different requirements depending on whether you are a project developer, producer, recycler, contractor, processing facility operator or another covered entity.
PSR Compliance can assist businesses with understanding applicable C&D waste requirements, preparing compliance documentation, reviewing registration requirements and supporting the relevant application and compliance process.
Get expert support for CPCB registration and C&D Waste EPR compliance.
📞 +91 8796104190📧 support@psrcompliance.com
The Environment (Construction and Demolition) Waste Management Rules, 2025 mark a major change in the way C&D waste is managed in India. Effective from 1 April 2026, the framework introduces EPR recycling targets, online registration, waste management plans, EPR certificates, waste utilisation targets, reporting, audits and environmental compensation.
For covered producers, recyclers and other registered entities, compliance now involves more than simply collecting and disposing of construction waste. Businesses need to understand their category, manage waste through appropriate channels, maintain records, meet applicable recycling or utilisation targets and follow the online compliance framework.
As the targets increase over the coming years, proper waste planning and recycling arrangements can become an important part of construction and demolition project management in India.
C&D waste recycling is the process of collecting, segregating and processing construction and demolition waste to recover useful materials for reuse or manufacture of recycled products.
The Environment (Construction and Demolition) Waste Management Rules, 2025 are the current framework for C&D waste management. They came into force on 1 April 2026 and replaced the Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016.
The rules require producers, recyclers, intermediate waste storage facility operators and specified collection points to register on the online portal. Covered entities cannot carry out the relevant business without registration.
The EPR recycling targets are 25% for 2025–26, 50% for 2026–27, 75% for 2027–28 and 100% from 2028–29 onwards, based on the recyclable waste assessed under the rules.
It is a project-specific plan prepared by the producer to determine the quantity of waste generated from different streams and explain how the waste will be managed to meet the applicable requirements. It is submitted to the local authority for approval.
EPR certificates are generated through the online portal for registered recyclers based on eligible processed waste and the applicable calculation methodology under the rules. Producers can use eligible certificates to meet their EPR obligations according to the prescribed conditions.
EPR certificates remain valid for three years from the end of the financial year in which they are generated.
For applicable construction and reconstruction projects, the utilisation target starts at 5% in 2026–27 and increases to 25% from 2030–31 onwards.
The target is 5% in 2026–27 and 2027–28, 10% in 2028–29 and 2029–30, and 15% from 2030–31 onwards.
Yes. The rules identify products such as recycled aggregates, recycled concrete aggregates, fine aggregates, manufactured soil, bricks, blocks, tiles, pavers and other products that can be produced from processed C&D waste, subject to applicable quality and safety requirements.
CPCB manages the central online portal and EPR framework, while State Pollution Control Boards/Committees and local or development authorities have enforcement, monitoring, approval and implementation responsibilities under the rules.
The rules provide for environmental compensation in applicable cases of non-compliance involving waste management, recycling, EPR or utilisation obligations. Registration can also be cancelled in certain circumstances, including false information or irregularities.
Yes. PSR Compliance can assist businesses in understanding applicable C&D waste requirements, preparing documentation and supporting relevant registration and compliance processes.
Book your free consultation with our specialists today.
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